to break through

בָּקַע(b. h.; √בק, v. בְּקָא) 1) to split, chop; to break through. B. Mets.99a בָּ׳ בו; (Kidd.47b בִּיקַּע) if he chopped wood with it. Gen. R. s. 55, end; Koh. R. to X, 9; II, 23, v. בְּקִיעָה. Ex. R. s. 21 אני בוֹקֵעַ להםוכ׳ I am going to split the sea for them; a. fr.Lam. R. to II, 2 כקעו בחיילותיווכ׳ broke through the lines of N.s armies; Y.Taan.IV, 69b top ברחו לתוך. 2) to cross, make a short cut, pass over. Y.Pes.I, 27b bot. חצר שהרבים בּוֹקְעִיןוכ׳ a court which people use for crossing. Erub.16b; Sabb.101b (a low wall) שהגדייםוכ׳ ב׳ over which the kids pass; v. בִּקְעָה. 3) (cmp. בִּצְבֵּץ) to break through the ground, esp. as a legal fiction for a levitical impurity the cause of which is underground, but which affects the things above and beneath. Ohol. VI, 6 טומאה בּוֹקַעַתוכ׳ the impurity breaks through the ground and rises, and breaks through and goes down; a. fr.Koh. R. III, 16 היה הדם בו׳ ועולה the blood broke through and rose. Midr. Till. to Ps. 78:45 ב׳ את הצור, ב׳ בצור break through (take root in) the rock; a. fr. Nif. נִבְקַע to be split, to burst open. Ib. הסיפין נבקעיןוכ׳ the door sells were burst before them. Ib. נ׳ הספל מאליו the vessel went to pieces of itself. Gen. R. s. 55, end זכה להִבָּקַע היםוכ׳ he was rewarded by the sea being divided before the children of Israel. Ḥull.14b שמא יִבָּקַע הנוד the wine bottle may burst; a. fr. Pi. בִּקַּע, בִּיקַּע 1) to split, chop, tear. Kidd.47b, v. supra. Y.Bets. I, 60a bot.; Y.Ab. Zar. II, 41c bot. שביקעו (שבקעו) להםוכ׳ of whose flocks the wolves had torn more than Bets.IV, 3 אין מְבַקְּעִיןוכ׳ one must not split woods (on Holy Days) etc. Sifré Deut. 183 (ref. to Deut. 19:5) מן העץ המְבַקֵּעַ from the splitting wood (the handle), opp. העץ המִתְבַּקֵּעַ the split wood (the tree). Tanḥ. Vayetse 9 בַּקְּעִיוכ׳ chop thou Part. pass. מְבוּקָּע. Ab. Zar.65b מְבוּקָּעוֹת grapes burst open. 2) to jam in, wedge. Sabb.67b המְבַקַּעַת ביצים (Rashi Var. המקבעת, Ms. M. עצים) one who squeezes egg-shells (a superstitious practice; Tosef. ib. VI (VII), 18 הנותנת בצים … בכותל). Hif. הִבְקִיעַ 1) to cut, clear. Shebi. IV, 5 המַבְקִיעַ בזתיםוכ׳ he who cuts olive-trees down (in the Sabbath year) must not cover the stump with ground. 2) to lead a line crosswise. Y.Kil.III, 28d top להַבְקִיעַוכ׳ to plant four rows across a valley from end to end. Hithpa. הִתְבַּקֵּעַ to be split; to burst, break. Sifré Deut. 183, v. supra.Sabb.XVI, 5. Cant. R. to vi, 4.

בָּקַע(b. h.; √בק, v. בְּקָא) 1) to split, chop; to break through. B. Mets.99a בָּ׳ בו; (Kidd.47b בִּיקַּע) if he chopped wood with it. Gen. R. s. 55, end; Koh. R. to X, 9; II, 23, v. בְּקִיעָה. Ex. R. s. 21 אני בוֹקֵעַ להםוכ׳ I am going to split the sea for them; a. fr.Lam. R. to II, 2 כקעו בחיילותיווכ׳ broke through the lines of N.s armies; Y.Taan.IV, 69b top ברחו לתוך. 2) to cross, make a short cut, pass over. Y.Pes.I, 27b bot. חצר שהרבים בּוֹקְעִיןוכ׳ a court which people use for crossing. Erub.16b; Sabb.101b (a low wall) שהגדייםוכ׳ ב׳ over which the kids pass; v. בִּקְעָה. 3) (cmp. בִּצְבֵּץ) to break through the ground, esp. as a legal fiction for a levitical impurity the cause of which is underground, but which affects the things above and beneath. Ohol. VI, 6 טומאה בּוֹקַעַתוכ׳ the impurity breaks through the ground and rises, and breaks through and goes down; a. fr.Koh. R. III, 16 היה הדם בו׳ ועולה the blood broke through and rose. Midr. Till. to Ps. 78:45 ב׳ את הצור, ב׳ בצור break through (take root in) the rock; a. fr. Nif. נִבְקַע to be split, to burst open. Ib. הסיפין נבקעיןוכ׳ the door sells were burst before them. Ib. נ׳ הספל מאליו the vessel went to pieces of itself. Gen. R. s. 55, end זכה להִבָּקַע היםוכ׳ he was rewarded by the sea being divided before the children of Israel. Ḥull.14b שמא יִבָּקַע הנוד the wine bottle may burst; a. fr. Pi. בִּקַּע, בִּיקַּע 1) to split, chop, tear. Kidd.47b, v. supra. Y.Bets. I, 60a bot.; Y.Ab. Zar. II, 41c bot. שביקעו (שבקעו) להםוכ׳ of whose flocks the wolves had torn more than Bets.IV, 3 אין מְבַקְּעִיןוכ׳ one must not split woods (on Holy Days) etc. Sifré Deut. 183 (ref. to Deut. 19:5) מן העץ המְבַקֵּעַ from the splitting wood (the handle), opp. העץ המִתְבַּקֵּעַ the split wood (the tree). Tanḥ. Vayetse 9 בַּקְּעִיוכ׳ chop thou Part. pass. מְבוּקָּע. Ab. Zar.65b מְבוּקָּעוֹת grapes burst open. 2) to jam in, wedge. Sabb.67b המְבַקַּעַת ביצים (Rashi Var. המקבעת, Ms. M. עצים) one who squeezes egg-shells (a superstitious practice; Tosef. ib. VI (VII), 18 הנותנת בצים … בכותל). Hif. הִבְקִיעַ 1) to cut, clear. Shebi. IV, 5 המַבְקִיעַ בזתיםוכ׳ he who cuts olive-trees down (in the Sabbath year) must not cover the stump with ground. 2) to lead a line crosswise. Y.Kil.III, 28d top להַבְקִיעַוכ׳ to plant four rows across a valley from end to end. Hithpa. הִתְבַּקֵּעַ to be split; to burst, break. Sifré Deut. 183, v. supra.Sabb.XVI, 5. Cant. R. to vi, 4.

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אֹורI (b. h.; √או, v. אוי II; cmp. חָוַר, חָבַר, a. sec. r. אָרַר) to perforate, break through, shine.Denom. אַוִּיר, מְאוּרָה Nif. נֵאֹור to be broken through, grow light. Y.Ber.I, 2c משיֵאֹור המזרח from the time the Eastern horizon is broken through, grows light. Hif. הֵאִיר 1) (neut. v.) to break through, shine. Y. ib. III, 6c bot. open thy lips ויָאִירוּ דבריך and let thy words come forth, speak out boldly. Yoma III, 1 ה׳ פני כלוכ׳ it has grown light all over the Eastern horizon.פנים מֵאִירֹות bright countenance. Num. R. s. 11; a. e. 2) (act. v.) to enlighten, brighten, make shine. Y.M. Kat. III, 83b ה׳ עיניווכ׳ (the teacher had opened his (Samuels) eyes B. Mets.33a. Num. R. l. c. Ib. המזבח מֵאִירִים את (fr. Mal. 1:10) making the altar bright (with fire), feeding the fire on the altar. Yoma 73b, v. אוּר.

אֹורI (b. h.; √או, v. אוי II; cmp. חָוַר, חָבַר, a. sec. r. אָרַר) to perforate, break through, shine.Denom. אַוִּיר, מְאוּרָה Nif. נֵאֹור to be broken through, grow light. Y.Ber.I, 2c משיֵאֹור המזרח from the time the Eastern horizon is broken through, grows light. Hif. הֵאִיר 1) (neut. v.) to break through, shine. Y. ib. III, 6c bot. open thy lips ויָאִירוּ דבריך and let thy words come forth, speak out boldly. Yoma III, 1 ה׳ פני כלוכ׳ it has grown light all over the Eastern horizon.פנים מֵאִירֹות bright countenance. Num. R. s. 11; a. e. 2) (act. v.) to enlighten, brighten, make shine. Y.M. Kat. III, 83b ה׳ עיניווכ׳ (the teacher had opened his (Samuels) eyes B. Mets.33a. Num. R. l. c. Ib. המזבח מֵאִירִים את (fr. Mal. 1:10) making the altar bright (with fire), feeding the fire on the altar. Yoma 73b, v. אוּר.

בִּצְבֵּץ(Pilp. of בוץ or בצץ; v. בְּצָא) to break through, bubble forth, burst forth. Sot.11b; Ex. R. s. 1 היו מְבַצְבְּצִיןוכ׳ they burst forth and came out of the ground. Keth.111b the righteous (dead) שמבצבציןוכ׳ will break through (the ground) and rise in Jerusalem.Pes.13a היה חמץ מב׳ the leavened bread crumbled through the bag. Num. R. s. 18, end; Gitt.56b דם מב׳ ויוצא blood bubbled forth. Ḥull.56a אם מב׳ if the brains bubble through the hole in the scull.

בִּצְבֵּץ(Pilp. of בוץ or בצץ; v. בְּצָא) to break through, bubble forth, burst forth. Sot.11b; Ex. R. s. 1 היו מְבַצְבְּצִיןוכ׳ they burst forth and came out of the ground. Keth.111b the righteous (dead) שמבצבציןוכ׳ will break through (the ground) and rise in Jerusalem.Pes.13a היה חמץ מב׳ the leavened bread crumbled through the bag. Num. R. s. 18, end; Gitt.56b דם מב׳ ויוצא blood bubbled forth. Ḥull.56a אם מב׳ if the brains bubble through the hole in the scull.

פּוּץ(b. h.) to break through. Hif. הֵפִיץ to break through, spread. Y.Snh.I, 19b sq. (read:) חד אמר … וחרנה אין עושין כל עיקר שמא יָפִיצוּ גוים ויבואו לארץ ישראל ואית דבעי מימר שמא יִפְרְצוּ אויבים ויבואו לידי קרחה one says (in the case of border towns condemned for idolatry, v. נָדַח), if there are two of them, we do not condemn them to be destroyed, if only one, we do; and another says, if there are several border towns near one another (of which one is to be condemned), we proceed (against the one, because the protection remains unimpaired), but if they are scattered, we do not; and a third one says, we must not destroy a border town under any circumstances, lest ravaging troops break forth and invade Palestine; but some would say (instead), lest a regular enemy invade and find an open country (v. Bab. ib. 16b; Tosef. ib. XIV, 1). Pol. פּוֹצֵץ to shatter, shiver, spread. Part. pass. מְפוֹצָץ; f. מְפוֹצֶצֶת. Lev. R. s. 27 עתידה בת קול להיות מפ׳ … ואומרתוכ׳ (not ואומר) in days to come a divine voice will be scattered in all directions (cmp. נִיצוֹץ) on the top of mountains and proclaim Hithpol. הִתְפּוֹצֵץ to be shattered. Kidd.30b אם ברזל הוא מִתְפּוֹצֵץ if he (the tempter in mans heart) is of iron, he will be shattered (by the study of Gods word, with ref. to Jer. 23:29).

פּוּץ(b. h.) to break through. Hif. הֵפִיץ to break through, spread. Y.Snh.I, 19b sq. (read:) חד אמר … וחרנה אין עושין כל עיקר שמא יָפִיצוּ גוים ויבואו לארץ ישראל ואית דבעי מימר שמא יִפְרְצוּ אויבים ויבואו לידי קרחה one says (in the case of border towns condemned for idolatry, v. נָדַח), if there are two of them, we do not condemn them to be destroyed, if only one, we do; and another says, if there are several border towns near one another (of which one is to be condemned), we proceed (against the one, because the protection remains unimpaired), but if they are scattered, we do not; and a third one says, we must not destroy a border town under any circumstances, lest ravaging troops break forth and invade Palestine; but some would say (instead), lest a regular enemy invade and find an open country (v. Bab. ib. 16b; Tosef. ib. XIV, 1). Pol. פּוֹצֵץ to shatter, shiver, spread. Part. pass. מְפוֹצָץ; f. מְפוֹצֶצֶת. Lev. R. s. 27 עתידה בת קול להיות מפ׳ … ואומרתוכ׳ (not ואומר) in days to come a divine voice will be scattered in all directions (cmp. נִיצוֹץ) on the top of mountains and proclaim Hithpol. הִתְפּוֹצֵץ to be shattered. Kidd.30b אם ברזל הוא מִתְפּוֹצֵץ if he (the tempter in mans heart) is of iron, he will be shattered (by the study of Gods word, with ref. to Jer. 23:29).

פָּרַץ(b. h.) 1) to break through, make a breach, invade. Pes.56a פּוֹרְצִין פרצותוכ׳ made breaches in the fences of their gardens ; (Tosef. ib. II (III), 21 פותחין גינותיהםוכ׳); Men.71a. Ber.63a כבר גדרת … יכול לִפְרוֹץ having once fenced in, thou canst not tear down, i. e. having once approved, you cannot now find fault. Y.Snh.I, 19c top, v. פּוּץ. Gen. R. s. 85 (ref. to Gen. 38:29) כל הפּוֹרְצִים ממךוכ׳ all conquerors shall rise from thee (Judah). Yalk. Mic. 551 פָּרַצְתִּי גדרו של עולם מפני יעקב I broke down the fence of the world (reversed the natural order of things) for the sake of Jacob (making his cattle extremely fecund); ולע״ל אני פורץ אותו לבניו and in the days to come I shall do so to his children. B. Kam.60b מלך פּוֹרֵץ … דרך the king may break through fences to pave a way for his army. Koh. R. to IX, 11 (ref. to Job 1:10) פ׳ גדרו של עולםוכ׳ his cattle reversed the order of things Y.Ab. Zar. II, 41a top לא פָרַצְתָּ גדירןוכ׳ thou hast not torn down the fence of the scholars (not transgressed their law); Gen. R. s. 79, v. גָּדֵיר. Lev. R. s. 26, v. גֶּדֶר I; a. fr.Part. pass. פָּרוּץ; f. פְּרוּצָה; pl. פְּרוּצִים, פְּרוּצִין; פְּרוּצוֹת. Kil. IV, 4 העומד מרובה על הפ׳ the unimpaired portion of the fence is larger than the ruined part, v. עָמַד II. Y.Sabb.X, 12c top קופה פ׳ a bin which has been broken into (some of the contents of which has been taken); a. fr.Peah VII, 1 בצד הפרוצה Y. ed., v. פִּרְצָה. 2) (sub. גדר) to be lawless, unrestrained, dissolute. Y.Keth.I, 25a bot. שלא יִפְרְצוּ … בזימה in order that the daughters of Israel be not made heedless of chaste conduct (v. infra); a. e.Part. pass. as ab. dissolute, bold. Ib. מפני פ׳ אחד because there might be one dissolute man (who may go to the expense of marriage for the sake of his gratification, with the intention of charging his bride with faithlessness afterwards). Cant. R. to IV, 12 לא נמצא בהן אחד פ׳ בעיוה not one of them was of immoral conduct; Lev. R. s. 32 פְּרוּץ ערוה. Gitt.46a שלא יהו בנות … פ׳וכ׳ that the daughters of Israel may not be loose in moral conduct or in vows (v. supra). Gen. R. s. 70 (ref. to Gen. 29:21) אפי׳ אדם פ׳ אינווכ׳ even the most shameless man would not use such language. Sot.7a אבל פ׳ but if they are known to be of dissolute habits, opp. כשרין. Keth.2b, sq. משום פ׳ on account of loose women, opp. צנועות; a. fr. 3) to spread, increase. Sabb.13a; Tosef. ib. I, 14 עד היכן פָּרְצָה טהרהוכ׳ how far the observance of levitical cleanness has spread in Israeli!; a. e. Nif. נִפְרָץ 1) to be broken through, torn down. Tosef.Kil.III, 3 מחיצת הכרם שנִפְרְצָה if the partition of a vineyard has come down; גדרה ונ׳ if he repaired it, and it came down again. Erub.IX, 2 חצר גדולה שנפרצה לקטנה if the partition between a large court and a smaller one has been broken into. Yalk. Ez. 352 a good shepherd שנ׳ גדר צאנו the fold of whose flock was broken into; (Ruth R. introd. שנפלה). גדר Tanḥ. Bal. 13 ראה שישראל נִפְרָצִים שם he (Balak) saw that the Israelites would be broken into (sustain a great loss) there; Num. R. s. 20 שיש פרצים (corr. acc.). Ab. dR. N. ch. V ונִפְרְצוּוכ׳, v. פִּרְצָה; a. fr. 2) to be unrestrained, dissolute. Tanḥ. Vayera 9 לפי שנפרצו מעשיהם בזנות because their doings were unrestrained in matters of sexual morality; a. e. 3) to be spread, increased. Gen. R. s. 73 (ref. to Gen. 30:43) נִפְרְצָה לו פרצה מעיןוכ׳ an (abnormal) increase of wealth was granted to him similar to that expected in the days to come (v. Yalk. Mic. l. c.); Yalk. Gen. 130; Yalk. Koh. 989; a. e. 4) to be broken off, severed. Succ.III, 1 נפרצו עליו if its leaves are severed (and only kept together by a band), v. פָּרַד. Hif. הִפְרִיץ (denom. of פָּרִיץ) to be defiant. Tosef.Macc.V (IV), 13 אפי׳ עומד ומַפְרִיץוכ׳ even if he stands up defiantly (saying, he did not mind more lashes), you dare not add Hithpa. הִתְפָּרֵץ to become dissolute, be unrestrained, licentious. Y.Sabb.III, 6a bot. שלא תִתְפָּרֵץ that she may not assume immoral habits; ib. שלא יִתְפָּרְצוּ that people may not be unrestrained; Y.Bets. II, 61c.

פָּרַץ(b. h.) 1) to break through, make a breach, invade. Pes.56a פּוֹרְצִין פרצותוכ׳ made breaches in the fences of their gardens ; (Tosef. ib. II (III), 21 פותחין גינותיהםוכ׳); Men.71a. Ber.63a כבר גדרת … יכול לִפְרוֹץ having once fenced in, thou canst not tear down, i. e. having once approved, you cannot now find fault. Y.Snh.I, 19c top, v. פּוּץ. Gen. R. s. 85 (ref. to Gen. 38:29) כל הפּוֹרְצִים ממךוכ׳ all conquerors shall rise from thee (Judah). Yalk. Mic. 551 פָּרַצְתִּי גדרו של עולם מפני יעקב I broke down the fence of the world (reversed the natural order of things) for the sake of Jacob (making his cattle extremely fecund); ולע״ל אני פורץ אותו לבניו and in the days to come I shall do so to his children. B. Kam.60b מלך פּוֹרֵץ … דרך the king may break through fences to pave a way for his army. Koh. R. to IX, 11 (ref. to Job 1:10) פ׳ גדרו של עולםוכ׳ his cattle reversed the order of things Y.Ab. Zar. II, 41a top לא פָרַצְתָּ גדירןוכ׳ thou hast not torn down the fence of the scholars (not transgressed their law); Gen. R. s. 79, v. גָּדֵיר. Lev. R. s. 26, v. גֶּדֶר I; a. fr.Part. pass. פָּרוּץ; f. פְּרוּצָה; pl. פְּרוּצִים, פְּרוּצִין; פְּרוּצוֹת. Kil. IV, 4 העומד מרובה על הפ׳ the unimpaired portion of the fence is larger than the ruined part, v. עָמַד II. Y.Sabb.X, 12c top קופה פ׳ a bin which has been broken into (some of the contents of which has been taken); a. fr.Peah VII, 1 בצד הפרוצה Y. ed., v. פִּרְצָה. 2) (sub. גדר) to be lawless, unrestrained, dissolute. Y.Keth.I, 25a bot. שלא יִפְרְצוּ … בזימה in order that the daughters of Israel be not made heedless of chaste conduct (v. infra); a. e.Part. pass. as ab. dissolute, bold. Ib. מפני פ׳ אחד because there might be one dissolute man (who may go to the expense of marriage for the sake of his gratification, with the intention of charging his bride with faithlessness afterwards). Cant. R. to IV, 12 לא נמצא בהן אחד פ׳ בעיוה not one of them was of immoral conduct; Lev. R. s. 32 פְּרוּץ ערוה. Gitt.46a שלא יהו בנות … פ׳וכ׳ that the daughters of Israel may not be loose in moral conduct or in vows (v. supra). Gen. R. s. 70 (ref. to Gen. 29:21) אפי׳ אדם פ׳ אינווכ׳ even the most shameless man would not use such language. Sot.7a אבל פ׳ but if they are known to be of dissolute habits, opp. כשרין. Keth.2b, sq. משום פ׳ on account of loose women, opp. צנועות; a. fr. 3) to spread, increase. Sabb.13a; Tosef. ib. I, 14 עד היכן פָּרְצָה טהרהוכ׳ how far the observance of levitical cleanness has spread in Israeli!; a. e. Nif. נִפְרָץ 1) to be broken through, torn down. Tosef.Kil.III, 3 מחיצת הכרם שנִפְרְצָה if the partition of a vineyard has come down; גדרה ונ׳ if he repaired it, and it came down again. Erub.IX, 2 חצר גדולה שנפרצה לקטנה if the partition between a large court and a smaller one has been broken into. Yalk. Ez. 352 a good shepherd שנ׳ גדר צאנו the fold of whose flock was broken into; (Ruth R. introd. שנפלה). גדר Tanḥ. Bal. 13 ראה שישראל נִפְרָצִים שם he (Balak) saw that the Israelites would be broken into (sustain a great loss) there; Num. R. s. 20 שיש פרצים (corr. acc.). Ab. dR. N. ch. V ונִפְרְצוּוכ׳, v. פִּרְצָה; a. fr. 2) to be unrestrained, dissolute. Tanḥ. Vayera 9 לפי שנפרצו מעשיהם בזנות because their doings were unrestrained in matters of sexual morality; a. e. 3) to be spread, increased. Gen. R. s. 73 (ref. to Gen. 30:43) נִפְרְצָה לו פרצה מעיןוכ׳ an (abnormal) increase of wealth was granted to him similar to that expected in the days to come (v. Yalk. Mic. l. c.); Yalk. Gen. 130; Yalk. Koh. 989; a. e. 4) to be broken off, severed. Succ.III, 1 נפרצו עליו if its leaves are severed (and only kept together by a band), v. פָּרַד. Hif. הִפְרִיץ (denom. of פָּרִיץ) to be defiant. Tosef.Macc.V (IV), 13 אפי׳ עומד ומַפְרִיץוכ׳ even if he stands up defiantly (saying, he did not mind more lashes), you dare not add Hithpa. הִתְפָּרֵץ to become dissolute, be unrestrained, licentious. Y.Sabb.III, 6a bot. שלא תִתְפָּרֵץ that she may not assume immoral habits; ib. שלא יִתְפָּרְצוּ that people may not be unrestrained; Y.Bets. II, 61c.

פָּרַסI, פָּרַשׂ, (b. h.) 1) to split, break, esp. (v. בָּצַע) to break bread and say grace. R. Hash. 29b לא יִפְרוֹס אדם פרוסהוכ׳ a person should not break bread and say grace for his guests, unless he dines with them אבל פּוֹרֵס הוא לבניווכ׳ but he may do so for his children and his household in order to train them in religious practice. Pes.37a; Men.78b (expl. מצה הינא) כל שפּוֹרְסָהּ ואיןוכ׳ when he breaks it apart, and no cords (of unbaked dough) can be drawn out of it; a. e.Part. pass. פָּרוּס; f. פְּרוּסָה; pl. פְּרוּסִים, פְּרוּסִין; פְּרוּסוֹת. Lev. R. s. 34 (ref. to פָּרֹס, Is. 58:7) הלא תִפְרוֹשׂ … פָרוּס כבר היא פ׳וכ׳ it does not read, ‘behold, thou shalt break, but, ‘behold broken; it (thy bread) is broken for thee, for from the beginning of the year it is decreed Y.Dem.I, 21d bot. בפ׳ when it is a broken piece of an eatable, opp. שלם. Y.Ber.VI, 10b bot. פ׳ של חטים (sub. פת) a broken loaf of wheat bread; a. fr.V. פְּרוּס, פְּרוּסָה. 2) (cmp. פָּרַץ) to break through; Part. pass. as ab. open, plain. Tosef.Kel.B. Mets. V, 4, v. סַוָּאר. 3) to spread. Meg.III, 3 (28a) ואין פּוֹרְשִׂין לתוכו מצודות nor dare you spread traps leading into it (the synagogue in ruins). Yoma III, 4 פָּרְסוּ סדיןוכ׳ (Y. ed. פָּרְשׂוּ), v. סָדִין. Num. R. s. 11 הכהנים פּוֹרְשִׂים את כפיהם the priests spread their hands (when blessing). Ex. R. s. 42 אחז … ופ׳הקב״הוכ׳ he (Moses) took hold of the divine throne, and the Lord spread his cloak over him. Ib. (ref. to ̇פּר̇ש̇ז̇, Job 26:9) פ̇׳ ר̇חום ש̇די ז̇יווכ׳ the Merciful Almighty spread the splendor of his cloud over him; ib. s. 41 פ׳ והגין עליוהקב״ה the Lord spread (his cloak) over him and protected him; a. fr.Deut. R. s. 5 היה פוֹרֵשׂ דיאטגמאוכ׳ (not דאטגמא) he spread (published) a decree wherever he conquered Part. pass. as ab. Ab. III, 16, v. מְצוּדָה; a. e.פ׳ על שמע (interch. with פ׳ את שמע) to spread a cloak over the head for the recitation of the prayers preceding the Shmʿa (Ḳaddish and Barkhu), esp. to recite the prayers for the benefit of those who have come too late for the regular service (cmp. Ber.51a פריס סודרא, quot. in next w.). Meg.IV, 3 (23b) אין פורסין על שמעוכ׳ (Mish. ed. את; Mish. Pes. פורשין, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 90) the prayers for the Shmʿa are not read aloud … with less than two persons; (Rashi: to divide the Shma (v. supra), i. e. to read parts of the prayers preceding the Shmʿa;) Y. ib. IV, 75a bot. פורסין את שמע. Ib. IV, 5 המפטיר … פורסוכ׳, v. פָּטַר. Ib. 6. Lev. R. s. 23 א״ל פְּרוֹס על שמע פ׳ they said to him, recite the prayers for the Shmʿa; he did; Cant. R. to II, 2 (mixed dict.) פְּרוֹס לן את שמע פרוס לון (read: פָּרֵיס); a. fr. Nif. נִפְרַס, Nithpa. נִתְפָּרֵס to be divided, broken. Tbul Yom III, 1, v. עָרָה II. B. Mets.VII, 7 נִתְפָּרְסוּ עיגוליו if his fig cakes were broken; a. e. Hif. הִפְרִיס 1) to assign, give a share, a present. Gen. R. s. 74 end ולא היו מַפְרִיסִיםוכ׳ Ar. (ed. מפרינים) they endowed only with their mouth, v. פָּרַן. Yalk. ib. 22 מַפְרִיס והולך, v. פְּרָת. 2) (denom. of פַּרְסָה) to part the foot, to have a parted hoof. Sifra Shmini, ch. V, Par. 4 משוסע, חזיר מפריס the swine parts its foot and is cloven-footed. Ḥull.59a אין לך דבר שמפריס פרסהוכ׳ there is no animal that parts its foot and yet is unclean, except swine; a. e.Ib. 51b ה׳ע״ג קרקע the animal, after its fall, in attempting to rise made an impression of its parted feet on the ground (an evidence of its spines being unaffected).Trnsf. to show the cloven foot (like swine, as if saying, ‘I am clean, v. Lev. R. s. 13, end), to pretend piety. Gen. R. s. 22 יצא כמפריס וכמרמהוכ׳ (some ed. מפרים, corr. acc.) he went forth like a hypocrite and as one deceiving his Creator; (Yalk. ib. 38; Lev. R. s. 10 כמַעֲרִים, v. עָרַם II). Pi. פֵּירֵס, פֵּירֵש 1) to spread. Bekh.44a (ref. to Ex. 40:19) רבינו פֵּירְשׂוֹ Moses our teacher spread it (hence he must have been ten cubits high); Sabb.92a פרשו; Yalk. Ex. 372; a. e. 2) to put a wrap on, only in פֵּירְסָה נדה she became menstruous. Keth.2a. Gen. R. s. 48; a. fr.

פָּרַסI, פָּרַשׂ, (b. h.) 1) to split, break, esp. (v. בָּצַע) to break bread and say grace. R. Hash. 29b לא יִפְרוֹס אדם פרוסהוכ׳ a person should not break bread and say grace for his guests, unless he dines with them אבל פּוֹרֵס הוא לבניווכ׳ but he may do so for his children and his household in order to train them in religious practice. Pes.37a; Men.78b (expl. מצה הינא) כל שפּוֹרְסָהּ ואיןוכ׳ when he breaks it apart, and no cords (of unbaked dough) can be drawn out of it; a. e.Part. pass. פָּרוּס; f. פְּרוּסָה; pl. פְּרוּסִים, פְּרוּסִין; פְּרוּסוֹת. Lev. R. s. 34 (ref. to פָּרֹס, Is. 58:7) הלא תִפְרוֹשׂ … פָרוּס כבר היא פ׳וכ׳ it does not read, ‘behold, thou shalt break, but, ‘behold broken; it (thy bread) is broken for thee, for from the beginning of the year it is decreed Y.Dem.I, 21d bot. בפ׳ when it is a broken piece of an eatable, opp. שלם. Y.Ber.VI, 10b bot. פ׳ של חטים (sub. פת) a broken loaf of wheat bread; a. fr.V. פְּרוּס, פְּרוּסָה. 2) (cmp. פָּרַץ) to break through; Part. pass. as ab. open, plain. Tosef.Kel.B. Mets. V, 4, v. סַוָּאר. 3) to spread. Meg.III, 3 (28a) ואין פּוֹרְשִׂין לתוכו מצודות nor dare you spread traps leading into it (the synagogue in ruins). Yoma III, 4 פָּרְסוּ סדיןוכ׳ (Y. ed. פָּרְשׂוּ), v. סָדִין. Num. R. s. 11 הכהנים פּוֹרְשִׂים את כפיהם the priests spread their hands (when blessing). Ex. R. s. 42 אחז … ופ׳הקב״הוכ׳ he (Moses) took hold of the divine throne, and the Lord spread his cloak over him. Ib. (ref. to ̇פּר̇ש̇ז̇, Job 26:9) פ̇׳ ר̇חום ש̇די ז̇יווכ׳ the Merciful Almighty spread the splendor of his cloud over him; ib. s. 41 פ׳ והגין עליוהקב״ה the Lord spread (his cloak) over him and protected him; a. fr.Deut. R. s. 5 היה פוֹרֵשׂ דיאטגמאוכ׳ (not דאטגמא) he spread (published) a decree wherever he conquered Part. pass. as ab. Ab. III, 16, v. מְצוּדָה; a. e.פ׳ על שמע (interch. with פ׳ את שמע) to spread a cloak over the head for the recitation of the prayers preceding the Shmʿa (Ḳaddish and Barkhu), esp. to recite the prayers for the benefit of those who have come too late for the regular service (cmp. Ber.51a פריס סודרא, quot. in next w.). Meg.IV, 3 (23b) אין פורסין על שמעוכ׳ (Mish. ed. את; Mish. Pes. פורשין, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 90) the prayers for the Shmʿa are not read aloud … with less than two persons; (Rashi: to divide the Shma (v. supra), i. e. to read parts of the prayers preceding the Shmʿa;) Y. ib. IV, 75a bot. פורסין את שמע. Ib. IV, 5 המפטיר … פורסוכ׳, v. פָּטַר. Ib. 6. Lev. R. s. 23 א״ל פְּרוֹס על שמע פ׳ they said to him, recite the prayers for the Shmʿa; he did; Cant. R. to II, 2 (mixed dict.) פְּרוֹס לן את שמע פרוס לון (read: פָּרֵיס); a. fr. Nif. נִפְרַס, Nithpa. נִתְפָּרֵס to be divided, broken. Tbul Yom III, 1, v. עָרָה II. B. Mets.VII, 7 נִתְפָּרְסוּ עיגוליו if his fig cakes were broken; a. e. Hif. הִפְרִיס 1) to assign, give a share, a present. Gen. R. s. 74 end ולא היו מַפְרִיסִיםוכ׳ Ar. (ed. מפרינים) they endowed only with their mouth, v. פָּרַן. Yalk. ib. 22 מַפְרִיס והולך, v. פְּרָת. 2) (denom. of פַּרְסָה) to part the foot, to have a parted hoof. Sifra Shmini, ch. V, Par. 4 משוסע, חזיר מפריס the swine parts its foot and is cloven-footed. Ḥull.59a אין לך דבר שמפריס פרסהוכ׳ there is no animal that parts its foot and yet is unclean, except swine; a. e.Ib. 51b ה׳ע״ג קרקע the animal, after its fall, in attempting to rise made an impression of its parted feet on the ground (an evidence of its spines being unaffected).Trnsf. to show the cloven foot (like swine, as if saying, ‘I am clean, v. Lev. R. s. 13, end), to pretend piety. Gen. R. s. 22 יצא כמפריס וכמרמהוכ׳ (some ed. מפרים, corr. acc.) he went forth like a hypocrite and as one deceiving his Creator; (Yalk. ib. 38; Lev. R. s. 10 כמַעֲרִים, v. עָרַם II). Pi. פֵּירֵס, פֵּירֵש 1) to spread. Bekh.44a (ref. to Ex. 40:19) רבינו פֵּירְשׂוֹ Moses our teacher spread it (hence he must have been ten cubits high); Sabb.92a פרשו; Yalk. Ex. 372; a. e. 2) to put a wrap on, only in פֵּירְסָה נדה she became menstruous. Keth.2a. Gen. R. s. 48; a. fr.

נָקַדI (cmp. קָדַד) to sting, point, puncture, break through. Y.Keth.II, 26b bot. לבי נוֹקְדֵינִי my conscience stings me (I am afraid that I may have sinned); Y.Yeb.X, 11a top נוקריני (corr. acc.). Gitt.56a (play on נ̇ק̇ר̇ימון) שנָֹקְֹדָֹה לו חמה בעבורו s. for his sake did the sun break through again (after being obscured); Yalk. Deut. 809; Taan.20a Ms. M. (ed. שנקדרה). Ib. אילו לא נ׳ החמה Ms. M. (ed. נקדרה). (Ib. שלשה נקדה Ms. M. (ed. נקדמה, read, as Ab. Zar.25a: עמדה. 2) (Massorah) to dot, mark with diacritical points. Ab. dR. N. ch. XXXIV, כבר נָקַדְתִּי עליהן I (Ezra) have marked these words with dots.Part. pass. נָקיּד. Ib. נ׳ על י׳ שביניך there is a dot over the Yod of benekhah (Gen. 16:6). Snh.43b למה נ׳ על לנווכ׳ why are there dots over lanu (Deut. 29:28)? Pes.IX, 2 לפיכך נ׳ עלוכ׳ therefore the Hé (of רחקה, Num. 9:10) is marked ; a. fr. Nif. נִיקָּד to be spotted. Maasr. I, 3 החרובים משיִנָּקְדוּ carobs are subject to tithes as soon as they get dark spots; Y. ib. 48d bot. משיִנָּקֵידוּ.

נָקַדI (cmp. קָדַד) to sting, point, puncture, break through. Y.Keth.II, 26b bot. לבי נוֹקְדֵינִי my conscience stings me (I am afraid that I may have sinned); Y.Yeb.X, 11a top נוקריני (corr. acc.). Gitt.56a (play on נ̇ק̇ר̇ימון) שנָֹקְֹדָֹה לו חמה בעבורו s. for his sake did the sun break through again (after being obscured); Yalk. Deut. 809; Taan.20a Ms. M. (ed. שנקדרה). Ib. אילו לא נ׳ החמה Ms. M. (ed. נקדרה). (Ib. שלשה נקדה Ms. M. (ed. נקדמה, read, as Ab. Zar.25a: עמדה. 2) (Massorah) to dot, mark with diacritical points. Ab. dR. N. ch. XXXIV, כבר נָקַדְתִּי עליהן I (Ezra) have marked these words with dots.Part. pass. נָקיּד. Ib. נ׳ על י׳ שביניך there is a dot over the Yod of benekhah (Gen. 16:6). Snh.43b למה נ׳ על לנווכ׳ why are there dots over lanu (Deut. 29:28)? Pes.IX, 2 לפיכך נ׳ עלוכ׳ therefore the Hé (of רחקה, Num. 9:10) is marked ; a. fr. Nif. נִיקָּד to be spotted. Maasr. I, 3 החרובים משיִנָּקְדוּ carobs are subject to tithes as soon as they get dark spots; Y. ib. 48d bot. משיִנָּקֵידוּ.

פְּסַגch. same, 1) to divide, cut apart. Targ. Y. Gen. 15:10. (O. פלג, h. text בתר). Ib. 26:31. Targ. Y. Lev. 1:6; a. e.Part. pass. פָּסִיג. Gen. R. s. 100 פ׳ תִּרְעָךְ may thy ill-luck be broken (no more evil befall thee,which allowing the meaning ‘may thy gate (תַּרְעָא) be broken, is corrected to יסוג תורעך, v. סוּג ch.). 2) to break through a snare, escape. Gen. R. s. 79 כד שמע … פַּסְגָּא when R. S. heard the heavenly voice say demos (v. דִּימוֹס II), it (the bird) escaped; Yalk. ib. 133 פשגא (Ar. הות פשגה).B. Kam.81b דנִיפְסוֹג that he may be permitted to break through (the vineyard), v. preced. Pa. פַּסֵּיג, Af. אַפְסֵיג to divide. Targ. Y. Lev. 1:12 יַפְסֵיג (some ed. יְפַסֵּיג; ed. Vien. פַּיְסֵג, corr. acc.). Targ. Y. I. Ex. 29:17 תַּפְסֵיג (Y. II תְּפַסֵּג ed. Vien. תְּפַסֵּק).Lam. R. to V, 5 מְפַסֵּג ליהוכ׳ (ed. Wil. מפסל, corr. acc.) he cut him up limb by limb.

פְּסַגch. same, 1) to divide, cut apart. Targ. Y. Gen. 15:10. (O. פלג, h. text בתר). Ib. 26:31. Targ. Y. Lev. 1:6; a. e.Part. pass. פָּסִיג. Gen. R. s. 100 פ׳ תִּרְעָךְ may thy ill-luck be broken (no more evil befall thee,which allowing the meaning ‘may thy gate (תַּרְעָא) be broken, is corrected to יסוג תורעך, v. סוּג ch.). 2) to break through a snare, escape. Gen. R. s. 79 כד שמע … פַּסְגָּא when R. S. heard the heavenly voice say demos (v. דִּימוֹס II), it (the bird) escaped; Yalk. ib. 133 פשגא (Ar. הות פשגה).B. Kam.81b דנִיפְסוֹג that he may be permitted to break through (the vineyard), v. preced. Pa. פַּסֵּיג, Af. אַפְסֵיג to divide. Targ. Y. Lev. 1:12 יַפְסֵיג (some ed. יְפַסֵּיג; ed. Vien. פַּיְסֵג, corr. acc.). Targ. Y. I. Ex. 29:17 תַּפְסֵיג (Y. II תְּפַסֵּג ed. Vien. תְּפַסֵּק).Lam. R. to V, 5 מְפַסֵּג ליהוכ׳ (ed. Wil. מפסל, corr. acc.) he cut him up limb by limb.

פָּרַזto break through, open, v. פָּרוּז. Hif. הִפְרִיז 1) to break through, go beyond. Nidd.4b ה׳ על מדותיו went beyond his measures, i. e. extended the restrictions of the law too far. Ned.32a ה׳ על מדותיו שלהקב״ה he went too far in testing the attributes (goodness) of the Lord, i. e. presumed on Gods kindness by asking for a sign (Gen. 15:8); Yalk. Gen. 74. Koh. R. to VIII, 8 מַפְרִיזִין באצבעותיהןוכ׳ pointed with their fingers towards a distance, saying, the vision which he sees (Ez. 12:27); (Lam. R. introd. (R. Ḥan. 1) ומורין, v. יָרָה) 2) to offer a higher rent than originally stipulated in consideration of a loan to be used to improve the property. B. Mets.V, 5 ומַפְרִיז על שדהווכ׳ (Var. ומַפְרִין; Ms. M. ומפרי׳; Y. ed. ומפרין) and a tenant may offer higher rent for his field in consideration of a loan for improvements, and need not regard the appearance of usury. Ib. 69b אין מפריז לא על חנותוכ׳ (Ms. M. everywhere מפרין) you dare not offer higher rent for a shop or a ship in consideration of a loan (to be invested in the business); Y. ib. V, 10c top מפרין; v. פָּרָה a. פָּרַן.

פָּרַזto break through, open, v. פָּרוּז. Hif. הִפְרִיז 1) to break through, go beyond. Nidd.4b ה׳ על מדותיו went beyond his measures, i. e. extended the restrictions of the law too far. Ned.32a ה׳ על מדותיו שלהקב״ה he went too far in testing the attributes (goodness) of the Lord, i. e. presumed on Gods kindness by asking for a sign (Gen. 15:8); Yalk. Gen. 74. Koh. R. to VIII, 8 מַפְרִיזִין באצבעותיהןוכ׳ pointed with their fingers towards a distance, saying, the vision which he sees (Ez. 12:27); (Lam. R. introd. (R. Ḥan. 1) ומורין, v. יָרָה) 2) to offer a higher rent than originally stipulated in consideration of a loan to be used to improve the property. B. Mets.V, 5 ומַפְרִיז על שדהווכ׳ (Var. ומַפְרִין; Ms. M. ומפרי׳; Y. ed. ומפרין) and a tenant may offer higher rent for his field in consideration of a loan for improvements, and need not regard the appearance of usury. Ib. 69b אין מפריז לא על חנותוכ׳ (Ms. M. everywhere מפרין) you dare not offer higher rent for a shop or a ship in consideration of a loan (to be invested in the business); Y. ib. V, 10c top מפרין; v. פָּרָה a. פָּרַן.

פְּקַרch. sam(פקר to break through), 1) to break into; 2) to declare free; v. infra. 3) to be irreverent, sceptical. Snh.38b אבל אפיקורוס … דפ׳ טפי but with a Jewish sceptic you must surely not argue, for he will become only bolder by it. Ib. 60a מי פְקִירֵי כולי האי are they (Jews) so bold (as to blaspheme God)?; a. e. Af. אַפְקַר 1) to break into, trespass. Targ. Y. Ex. 22:4 (ed. Amst. יִפְקַר; ed. Vien. יפקר, corr. acc.; h. text יבער). 2) to declare free. Ib. 23:11 (ed. Amst. Pe.; ed. Vien. ותפקד, corr. acc.; h. text ונטש׳).Succ.44b אַפְקַר זיתיאוכ׳ declare thy olives free for the benefit of the poor. Ber.47a, a. fr. אי בעי מַפְקַרוכ׳ if he chooses, he may renounce ownership of his property, and be a poor man B. Mets.30b לכולי עלמא אַפְקַרְנְהוּוכ׳ I declared them free for all people but not for thee, (v. infra). Ib. לכ״ע אַפְקְרִינְהוּ he declared them indeed free for all. Ib. 68b אַפְקוּרֵי מַפְקִיר להו presumably he has renounced ownership of them. M. Kat. 16a מֵפְקְרִינָן נכסיה we (the court) declare his property ownerless; a. fr.Ḥull.13b אשתו לא מַפְקַר his own wife will he (the Samaritan) not give up to prostitution, v. infraPart. pass. מַפְקַר. B. Mets.30b וכ׳ לכ״ע מ׳ Ms. M. (Ms. F. מִיפְּקַר Ithpe.) it is made free to all, but not Ithpe. אִתְפְּקַר, אִיפְּקַר 1) to behave irreverently, disrespectfully. M. Kat. l. c. אי מִתְפְּקַר בשליחאוכ׳ if he treats the messenger of the court with disrespect. Ib. ההוא טבחא דאית׳וכ׳ a butcher behaved irreverently towards R. 2) to prostitute ones self. Snh.82a נשייהו ודאי לא מִיפְקְרֵי their (the Samaritans) wives will surely not prostitute themselves; v. supra.